Position the cursor in the word processor at the desired location and paste the Clipboard contents into the document. To copy an individual window including re- ports to the word processor, 1.
Select the desired window or select a current- ly displayed report. Switch to the word processing application; if not already running, load word processing application with an appropriate document. Once the desired 3DSSPP data is pasted into the word processor, comments or a report body can be added and the entire report package printed at one time through the word processing application.
If the current task parameters have been changed since the last save, a Dialog box will appear asking if changes to the file should be saved. Choose the ap- propriate response: if YES, the file is saved if the task parameters have never been saved, the File Save As Dialog box will appear ; if NO, the pro- gram terminates and the recent changes to the file are lost; and if CANCEL, the program continues running with the file currently opened.
These commands are applica- ble to the animation frames in the 3D Dynamic Mode and can also be accessed from the Animation Frame Control Bar context menu. Figure 5. The user can undo multiple posture changes and Undo will work for all posture changes, whether made by direct manip- ulation, posture prediction, or directly through the Body Segment Angles Dialog. The Undo com- mand is also available in the 3-Views context menu Figure 5.
Selecting Redo Posture replaces the current 5. It also allows multiple levels and is only valid if the The Frame Cut, Copy, and Paste commands undo command has been used. Redo will work for are applicable to the animation frames in the 3D all posture changes, whether made by direct manip- Dynamic Mode. They can also be accessed from ulation, posture prediction, or directly through the the Animation Frame Bar context menu. Body Segment Angles Dialog.
For either method, the user may adjust the pos- ture further using the direct manipulation method There are three methods by which postures can by selecting a joint segment and indicating a new be entered into 3DSSPP: the body segment angle joint position by dragging to the location.
Or, if de- method, the posture prediction method, and the di- sired, direct manipulation may be used initially to rect manipulation method. The body segment angle explore various joint positions without using either method requires the analyst to specify about 30 an- of the other posture entry methods.
The posture prediction method requires the user to define the location of 6. The name and part of the comment field appear in the analysis report headers.
The current units are switched to the units specified in the displayed command. The default is English units. Any open windows will be updated immediately. Figure 6. Several suggested alternative gravity values are provided. In the standing mode the program automatically estimates support forces for the feet in order to balance the bodyweight and 6.
In the seated mode the program can estimate additional support forces in- This command toggles between the 3D Static and cluding forces supporting the ischial tuberosities of 3D Dynamic entry mode. The SRP is automatically cal- The 3D Dynamic mode offers the ability to enter culated from the intersection of the trunk and upper multiple posture frames as in an animation of a leg angles and is displaced perpendicular to the task.
In addition new abilities to posture the head, body segments by population factors which are shoulders, wrists, and legs are included as well as fractions of stature. When switching from Dynamic to Static Mode, the body segment angles not enabled in Static Mode will be set to default values. The back rest will only provide support If two feet are chosen then the program will auto- if there is a negative X torso resultant moment.
Other- The height of the back rest can be adjusted as low wise the full load is placed in the chosen foot. The as 7. In this case the feet are assumed sion of the torso. If the torso is flexed, then the seat back will provide no support. The back rest. If the front seat pan support is selected, program estimates the pelvic tilt assuming a stand- then forces are applied to the back of the upper legs ing posture. Additional tilt as when seated can be from the front edge of the seat pan.
This might be added. The length of the The default values are 0 degrees for standing and — seat pan is set by population factors which are a 15 degrees for seated. If the front seat pan support is not selected, then the backs of the upper legs are not supported. This might illustrate the use of a stool. Selecting Task-Input Anthropometry opens the The default is the 50th percentile. Anthropometry Dialog Figure 6. Use this Dia- log to enter the desired anthropometry for the anal- If the method to be used is data entry, move the ysis.
If one of the percentiles is selected then the input fields contain the selected percentile height and weight. The default population heights and weights are 6. Extreme anthropometries have not been validat- ed.
The data entry values acceptable for height are inches cm and for weight are pounds Body mass distributions 6. This entry selects the method to be used to set Figure 6. The shoe height is included in all location measurements and appro- priate calculations. The default height is set at 25 mm, Pheasant The default basic values depend upon the fin , Tilley , De Leva , Pheasant chosen gender, body height, and body weight.
If , Durkin and Dowling , and others. Note that the Population used in an analysis To alter the basic values after the gender, height, will be saved with the task data when an analysis is and weight have been set, un-check the use default saved. The current program Population will be set values box and enter the basic values desired. Note that for the hands to be in used to select a population file using the Windows the same location, the posture must change if the Open File Dialog.
The anthropometric values con- body segment lengths have changed. The Population Dialog is shown in Figure 6. These Di- mended for normal program users Figure 6. The user should consult the ignore the next section and skip to Section 6. The main Dialog Figure 6.
The link lengths and link masses are fractions to be multiplied by the stature or body weight. The centers of mass are the fraction of the link length from the proximal to distal joint. The gender but- tons are used to view and allow the entry of factors for each set. The name of the factors is dis- played on appropriate 3DSSPP output screens and The strength means box contains three buttons reports.
There are separate values for males and females as directed 6. More hand di- 6. The Predicted Value Dialog Figure 6. These values must be hand calculated and the units must be the same as the units used for the actual population strength values. These values are divided by the predicted values to calculate a scaling factor to be applied to the mean strength prediction equations for analyses.
These are used to calculate the percentile strengths of the population and as- sume a normal distribution. These values are the current population Dialog in Figure 6. These values are the current height and body weight values used for 5th, 50th, posture range of motion limits. Alternative values and 95th percentile males and females. The can be entered. Care has been taken to make body segment an- gle entry as consistent as possible. Nonetheless, the degrees of freedom require special attention for proper entry.
Depending on what is being de- scribed, the reference planes for some of these an- gles differ. The program will, in certain cases, disal- low an input if its error checking algorithm decides that the input exceeds a joint's range of motion. The angle definitions are given below. To enter a value cal and need not be entered in this case.
The field sequence using the TAB key is to move through the left side first, then the right side, and finally the trunk and head angles. After entering values select the Apply 6.
Choosing Task-Input Body Segment Angles If the posture is symmetric, enter the angles for indicates that the body segment angle method for one side and click on the SYMMETRY button to posture entry is to be used and displays the Body copy the values to the other side of the body.
Segment Angle Entry Dialog. The 3D Dynamic Mode in- the increment buttons. The posture will re- ture entry simply enter the body segment angles draw automatically to provide feedback as to the effect of the incremental posture change.
Undo and Redo buttons are available for con- venience and function as is standard. When the left forearm is aligned angle is displayed on the appropriate stick figures in with the negative - X axis and the forearm is the Three-View windows. This is a valuable help in pointing away from the body to the left side, the understanding the angles and entering them correct- angle is 0 degrees. When either forearm is located in front of the X-axis, the angle is positive and is ly.
If the forearm If a posture is entered such that a joint angle is crosses behind the X-axis, then the angle is nega- outside the range of motion for the joint then the tive. This horizontal angle measurement convention See the Posture Report for range of motion limits. The X-Y plane for the hand is created at the wrist joint center, for the lower arm at the elbow, for the upper arm at the shoulder joint center, for the upper leg at the hip joint center, for 6. Hand posturing is cov- Most of the body segment angles are measured as ered in Section 6.
The hand, lower arm, upper arm, clavi- Note that the horizontal angle does not have cle, upper leg, lower leg, and foot are all similarly meaning when the body segment link is perfectly described by two angles; a horizontal angle and a vertical it has no projection onto the X-Y plane vertical angle.
The horizontal angle need not be entered in this case. The trunk and head are each similarly de- scribed using three angles; flexion, lateral bend, and axial rotation. They will be defined individually.
The pelvis is the graphic root of the structure. Technically the angle is measured between the X axis and the projection of the link onto the horizon- tal X-Y plane at the superior joint of the link. The upper arm horizontal and vertical superior joint of the link. This time instead of pro- angles define the direction of the upper arm but not jecting the link line of the arm onto the plane we the axial rotation about the upper arm bones simply measure the angle between the link and the humeral rotation.
When the body segment is level with the mines the humeral rotation from the relationship joint, the link is on the plane and the joint angle is 0 between the lower and upper arms.
If the link is above the plane, then the ver- tical angle is positive; if below, then the angle is negative Figure 6. The measurement The hip joint, like the shoulder, is capable of plane is the same as for the horizontal angle meas- three degrees of freedom. The upper leg horizontal urement in each case. Note that hand posturing is and vertical angles define the direction of the upper covered in Section 6.
Adjustment the clavicle and the transverse plane intersecting the of the clavicle angles is only available in the 3D sternoclavicular joint. The transverse plane is per- Dynamic Mode. Thus it is an angle local to the spine. If the clavicle is rotated forward of the torso, then the angle is pos- itive; if the clavicle is rotated backward, then the angle is negative.
This convention holds for both the right and left clavicle horizontal angles Figure 6. If the torso the center of the shoulders onto the Z-Y plane and is bent towards the positive X axis, the angle is pos- the positive Y axis Figure 6. When standing itive. If the torso is bent toward the negative X axis, straight, the trunk angle is 90 degrees. If the trunk is the angle is negative. Referring to Figures 6. If the trunk is flexed below the horizontal torso is bent or erect.
The range of motion for lat- plane, the angle is negative. Note that within the biomechanical model the trunk is formed by the pelvis and the torso links which are each assigned separate angles based on the entered trunk flexion angle according to an al- gorithm derived from empirical data Anderson, The rotation should be measured as 6.
It is measured as the forward tilt of the pelvis the left shoulder location relative to the X axis. If about the centers of the hips Figure 6.
Draw a the left shoulder is rotated behind the X axis, the line from the center of the hips to the L5S1 and de- angle is positive Figure 6. If the left shoulder termine the angle between it and vertical. The axis is rotated in front of the X axis, the angle is nega- of rotation is the Y axis. Forward rotation is posi- tive Figure 6. In other words, for counter- tive for the purpose of the program Dialogs and clockwise rotation, the angle is positive and vice reports.
Internally, according to the right hand rule, versa. The range of motion for this angle is limited it would be negative.
The seated pelvis is normally tilted backward more than estimated by 3DSSPP so an adjustment is required. See the Support Selection Dialog Section 6. The axis of rotation ured with respect to the torso. As the torso is is the Y axis.
Rotation to the right, towards the moved the head will stay in the same relative posi- positive X axis, is positive and to the left is nega- tion. The angle is measure between the axis of the tive. From overhead counterclockwise rotation is positive. As the torso is moved the measured with respect to the torso. As the torso is head will stay in the same relative position.
If the head is directed forward and ittal plane of the torso Figure 6. Bending to symmetrical with respect to the torso, then the rota- the left is negative and to the right is positive. The tion angle is zero. Rotation to the right is negative range of motion for head lateral bending is limited and to the left is positive. To manipulate lower arm is moved. To enter a value The Set to forearm angles button will force the in a specific field, click on the field or use the TAB wrist to be straight and the hand will follow the an- key to move from field to field.
After entering val- gle of the forearm. Only the open hand is available at this time. The pos- The hand angles allow manipulation of the ture will redraw automatically to provide feedback wrist flexion and deviation and of the forearm rota- as to the effect of the incremental posture change. The hand segment is Note that when the Maintain Wrist Posture An- defined from the wrist center to the center of grasp.
The horizontal angle is measured while looking Be aware that, in this convention, the origin of down onto the arm such that the hand segment is the horizontal plane is located at the wrist and is projected onto the X-Y plane at the wrist. The an- independent of arm angles and overall body pos- gle formed between the hand segment and the X ture. When the hand segment is aligned with the X axis and the hands are pointing away from and to the side of the body, the angle is 0 degrees.
When the Figure 6. If the hand segment crosses be- al rotation of the wrist about the bones of the fore- hind the X-axis, then the angle is negative. The angle is a local angle measured with tal angles.
Therefore it is Note that the horizontal angle does not have best to enter a value and adjust it until the hominoid meaning when the hand segment is perfectly verti- appears correct. Technically the magnitude is the cal it has no projection onto the X-Y plane other angle difference between the axis of the elbow and than a point and need not be entered in this case.
When the hand is level with the wrist, the joint angle is 0 degrees. If the hand is above the wrist, the vertical angle is positive; if below, the angle is negative. The concept of inverse kinematics is that if the Note that if the elbow included angle is , the positions of the hands relative to the feet can be elbow is straight, then the Hand Rotation Angle specified, the positions of the other body joints and also affects the rotation of the upper arm, the hu- segments can be computed from algorithms based meral rotation angle.
When the elbow is bent this upon behavioral data. This means that in order to angle is given by the orientation of the forearm with specify a posture, all that needs to be done is for the respect to the upper arm. When the elbow is not analyst to enter the positions of the hands, and the bent, the humeral rotation is unknown.
This predic- upper arm and one half to the lower arm. However, because the inverse kinematics algorithm is based upon regression equations, it yields the average posture a person would tend to take as a 6.
Obviously, because of behavioral, experien- tial, and training differences between individuals, Selecting Task-Input Pre-Set Posture displays a not everyone will assume the same posture when list of postures Figure 6. However, pre- and applied to the hominoid. These can be used as dicting a posture from known hand locations is al- a starting point when entering postures via the body ways a good starting point for an analysis, since the segment angles or other methods.
The Tab key can be used to move to each Once the starting posture is specified, the pos- entry box. Thus, Horizontal: refers to the distance from the in most cases, the general procedure employed reference point in the forward-backward di- when using the inverse kinematics method will be rection where forward distances are positive to first specify a starting posture by setting the loca- and backward distances are negative.
No matter Vertical: refers to the vertical distance from how much the rest of the body is manipulated, the the reference point where positive values are hands will remain in the same position. Lateral: refers to the side-to-side distance from the center point where positive values 6.
The Posture Prediction Dialog Figure 6. Note that the hand orientation helps the com- puter decide upon elbow elevation. When the palm is prone palm down , the elbow tends to be higher in the air. The elbow is lower when the hand is semi -prone and is very low when the palm is supine 6.
A good rule of thumb is that if there is any doubt about the hand orientation, choose neu- One way to enhance the direct manipulation posture tral.
If the palm is not completely pointing down or entry method is by using segment locking. This fea- completely pointing up, the best choice is neutral. Other segments and combinations can be locked. The locked joint markers change to hollow circles which cannot be selected for direct manipu- lation. The Locking Mode Dialog is shown in Fig- ure 6. A ver- Figure 6. Separate force magnitudes those segments. For example, if the legs are in the and directions are entered for each hand.
The force desired posture, the legs should be locked before directions may be entered using direct manipulation manipulating the hand positions.
If the legs are not Section 3. The biomechanical output values will update imme- diately. In 3D Dynamic Mode loads will be applied to all selected frames. See Chapter If the vector is directed forward of cal it has no projection on to the X-Y plane other a vertical plane at the hand, the angle has a range of than a point and need not be entered in this case.
If the vector is directed behind a vertical plane at the hand, the angle has a range of 0 to degrees. Refer to Figures 6. If the vector is directed above the horizontal plane, the angle has a range of 0 to 90 degrees. Should the vector be directed below the horizontal plane, the angle ranges from 0 to de- grees. Refer to Figure 6. Use this functionality to simulate situations like leaning against a table force on the hips or carrying a backpack force 6.
To turn off the display of 6. To enter these joints, uncheck the 3-Views Show Forces either a force or a torque for either hand, just enter Menu option. The coordinate system is defined with the X- all selected frames. The positive Y-axis extends forward and the positive Z-axis extends vertically. This forms a right-had coordinate system and the forces and mo- ments are defined accordingly. The command must begin with a com- Figure 6. No charac- ters should follow the terminating character.
Blanks are used to delimit all commands, data 6. At least This button will clear the entered forces and torques one blank must be used; additional blanks for on every joint—even those not currently shown. This button will not affect hand loads.
The results of the analyses are output to an export file Section Both file locations default to the folder containing the batch file. The first data tion fields which are normally entered under item is an integer representing the gender; the Task Description Dialog. The first data Male is 0 and Female is 1. The second data item is an integer, either 0 or 1, which sets the item is an integer representing the percentile analysis units. English is 0 and metric is 1. If the percentile integer is 3 then the which must be enclosed in quotes.
The third data item is the entry ment, and Company Name. A typical descrip- for Height and the last data item is the entry for tion command line is as follows: Weight. These are both floating point values. If the percentile data item is not 3 then the third DES 0 "Task Name" "Analyst Name" "Just and last data items are not used in the analysis some comments. ANT 0 3 The exported filename commands to be followed by an analysis and will be the batch filename with the extension exportation of result to the export file.
This command has no data items. On is 1 and off is EXP 0. AUT 1 6. An ordinary comment command might be entered as follows: COM Anything you want to type to document your file.
Subsequent batch com- all subsequent analyses. The data item is an mands will operate on this frame. If the frame integer representing the desired length of the command is not used in a batch file then all pause in milliseconds.
If the integer given is 0, commands will apply to the current frame be- then a message window is displayed instructing the fore starting the batch file. Parameters for the user to click to continue.
There must also be a space be- command. The Hand Ori- FRM 5 entation value must be either 0,1, or 2 correspond- ing to pronated, neutral, and supinated. PPR The magnitude data items are floating point values and the angle data items are integers. The val- ues must be specified in the following order: Left magnitude, left vertical angle, left horizon- tal angle, right magnitude, right vertical angle, and right horizontal angle.
HAN This com- quent analyses. See the next command for mand is has been retained to support older compatibility with Version 5 batch files. All batch files. New batch files should use the JO6 of the values are integers and the data items are command to specify the posture. All of the val- input in the order of left side, right side, and ues are integers and the data items are input in trunk. Specifically: Hand left horizontal, hand the order of left side, right side, and trunk.
The model calculations are contained in a dll and it requires a special licensed from the University of Michigan. Automatic tiling of the default five window ar- If the Tile Now command is selected the view win- rangement can be enabled or disabled, or the pro- dow tiling will be reset to the standard 3 over 2 ar- gram can be tiled on command.
In addition the rangement. Message Bar can be displayed or hidden. The Message Bar displays various help standard 3 over 2 arrangement of the view windows and error messages.
It is displayed if the command will be reset when ever the program window is is checked and hidden if it is not checked. To check sized. If an alternative arrangement of the view or uncheck simply click on the command. To enable or disable simply click on the command. Changing the center will alter all of the entered, displayed, and reported The strength limits shown on the screens and used location values. The default center for standing in the reports are set in the Strength Limits Dialog mode cases is at the center of the feet.
Center of Figure 7. Custom upper and lower limits of the lowest foot. For seated mode cases the de- for males and female can easily be entered. Center locations other than the default can be set using the Dialog.
If a window is accidently closed by selecting a title bar box, then it can be re-displayed using this com- mand. Figure 7. These windows Selecting 3-Views Show Forces allows the user to may be rearranged and manipulated as desired by toggle the display of joint and hand forces in the the analyst. When a new task file is opened, the default layout locates the top view in the top left window, the front view in the top center window, and the 8.
The figures, rep- resenting the posture being modeled, are drawn to Selecting 3-Views Colors brings up a Dialog box scale according to the selected anthropometry and Figure 8. To force vectors which are perpendicular to the plane change any color, simply click the corresponding of the screen are not drawn. Figure 8. While the orthogo- jects are used. The barrier can be user- ing the task.
If the task being modeled In the Oblique-View Window the human figure involves an asymmetrically held object, the oblique may be viewed from any distance and view angle.
This is a Additionally, a camera focal length can be simulat- function of the graphics display and has no bearing ed which changes the perspective in the scene. This on the biomechanical analyses.
These can be matched by setting the focal length to match the camera us- 9. Figure 9. It makes no difference to the select the following display options relevant to the calculations or results. Individual colors can be provided. The default is to display the Flesh figure specified for shirts and pants for both males and model. The Wireframe figure model is transparent females.
The 9. Click on the box to insert or remove the floor from display. This feature is provided to aid held object between the hands with the hands cen- the analyst in matching postures to photographs or tered on the sides of the object: if the task being video images.
However, physical interaction be- modeled involves an asymmetrically held object, tween the environment items and the human figure the modeled image will not match the actual task. Type: Four object options are available - none, cube, cylinder, or sphere. The object is automatically positioned at the midpoint of the hands and scaled to fill the space between the hands. The default is no object. Height: With this field, the vertical dimen- sion of the handheld object is specified in inches or centimeters, depending on the units currently selected.
The vertical dimension is measured from the bottom to top of the ob- ject at its largest cross section. Depth: With this field, the horizontal forward-backward dimension of the handheld object can be specified in inches or centimeters, depending on the units currently selected. The horizontal dimension is meas- ured from the front of the object farthest side from the figure to its back closest side to the figure along a line that lies in the global horizontal plane and is perpendicular to the line connecting the hand centers.
For both the wall and plate of user-defined thickness. A wall and a table the table, this dimension is measured hori- cannot be displayed simultaneously. Facing the hominoid from Type: Three barrier options are available - none, the front, positive azimuth values move the wall, and table. Negative ways faces the figure. The range of azimuth val- facing the figure. Environment items can be displayed in any col- or including a separate color for the outline.
Ranging uses a camera metaphor. In addition, the figure can View Window Section 3. Window for the task being analyzed to either a solid color or a digital image Figure 9. High focal length values magnify and flatten the image, low values make the image small- er and distorted. The Vertical Tilt This field specifies the vertical Windows file input dialog will appear. Select an angle of the camera in degrees.
Vertical tilt is a image file and click Open. Currently supported file measure of the angle from the horizontal plane at types include: gif, ico, and jpeg. Be sure the Use which the object is being observed. Ranging from - Image box is checked and select Apply. The Graphic Human Model will be visi- ble on top of the image.
Choose either Center or object. Stretch to adjust the view of the image. If a background image is not selected then the back- ground is set as a solid color. The solid color can be changed by clicking on Select Color. The Win- dows colors dialog will appear and a new color can be selected or created. Adjust the slider to achieve the desired ef- fect. The light intensity can then be chosen for the desired effect. The Single-Point Figure 9. The frames are assumed to be a sequence of pos- Body segment angles tures forming an animation of a motion, but they Hand posture angles could just be a collection of static postures.
Hand torques, x, y, z External applied forces and moments Others are local and can be specified for picted on the Animation Frame Control Bar at the each frame individually. The local parameters are bottom of the program window Figure The local parameters are pos- appear as a frame timeline. The frame number is ture angles and loads on the body.
This means that below the timeline and the time in seconds is above. Nothing else besides posture and data.
Upon default startup only frame one will con- loads can be changed from frame to frame. Each numbered animation frame gener- ates a biomechanical analysis specific to the posture and other information contained in the frame. To display and analyze a frame simply select it by Figure The right and left cursor arrow keys can be used to scroll through the frames as well.
The loads can be changed for a selection of frames. The frames shown on the Frame Control Bar are color coded. Green frames are key frames en- tered by the user. Pink frames are predicted using interpolation. Orange frames are predicted using the Reach Motion Prediction algorithm. Undefined frames are blank. Figure The player bar to help add and delete frame from the timeline.
Go to Last. They behave as expected. Place the mouse Figure This menu allow the editing of the cursor between two frames and click on the down- frame time-line including. Other animation related ward arrow the appears. The box shown in Figure commands are also available as buttons Section Clicking on the arrow and dragging it to the right will automatically insert frames and do a line- ar interpolation between the original two frames.
Metatarsalphalangeal Skin Surface 97 - 99 R. Hip Joint Center - R. Knee Joint Center - R. Ankle Joint Center - R. Lateral Malleolus Skin Surface - R. Ball of Foot Virtual point - R. Metatarsalphalangeal Skin Surface Figure The format must be can be used to predict and enter a reach type motion as follows: as a sequence of frames.
A func- L. Head Skin Surface tional regression approach was taken to analyze R. Head Skin Surface approximately 17, reaching and transfer tasks 10 - 12 Head origin Virtual point demonstrated by male and females of varying stat- 13 - 15 Nasion Skin Surface ure and age. Shoulder Joint Center The motions included both reach and return from 37 - 39 L. Acromion Skin Surface target locations spread around the reach envelop.
Elbow Joint Center For the transfers the motions were divided into four 43 - 45 L. Skin Surface phases: reach to place the object, return to home 46 - 48 L. Wrist Joint Center without object, reach to get object, and return to 49 - 51 L. Grip Center Virtual point home with object. Hand Skin Surface ral hand location in front of the subjects waist.
Shoulder Joint Center seated driving cases it was a natural steering wheel 58 - 60 R. Acromion Skin Surface hand location posture. Elbow Joint Center 64 - 66 R. Wrist Joint Center prediction dialog allows a motion to be predicted 70 - 72 R.
Grip Center Virtual point using linear interpolation between the body seg- 73 - 75 R. Hand Skin Surface ment angles of two entered postures. The two en- 76 - 79 L. Hip Joint Center tered postures could also be predicted using the 79 - 81 L. Ankle Joint Center 88 - 90 L. Lateral Malleolus Skin Surface 91 - 93 L. The three graphic displays at the top of the dialog dis- play the starting posture, the created motion, and the ending posture.
These displays can be set to display either the oblique figure or one of the 3- View figures Figure The starting and end- ing postures can be predicted or specified from pre- viously created frames. Using the middle display the user can play and adjust the motion being creat- ed before inserting the motion frames into the frame timeline. Below the three display windows are the parameters required for the motion prediction.
The motion length sets the time duration of the motion and can be specified in seconds or by the number of frames. The reach type is either two handed, one handed neutral, or one handed prone. Two handed is as holding a two handled tote box.
One Mode handed prone would be like lifting a lunch pail by the handle in front of you with your palm The Predict Reach Motion Dialog for linear down or like lifting a horizontal pole. The interpolation parame- ters are below the display windows. Link to us Submit Software. I need it for my work. FlexiHub Simin To make best use of computer resources FlexiHub is a must have software for mid to large scale RoboTask Tomal Reduces the stress of launching applications or checking websites in pre-scheduled manner.
Smarter Battery Remso Battery life of portable computers are to short, anytime they can go out, Smarter Battery shows Comodo Antivirus Terry Save your computer from programs which cause the slowdown of your programs, consuming memory and Website Realizer Nordvald Make an website of your own like a pro in few minutes with Website Realizer which lets you just
0コメント